Why Lithium Batteries Catch Fire

Lithium batteries are compact, lightweight batteries that hold considerable charge and fare well under constant discharge-recharge conditions. The batteries are found everywhere  Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã‚  in laptop computers, cameras, cell phones, and electric cars. Although accidents are rare, those that do occur may be spectacular, resulting in an explosion or fire. In order to understand why these batteries catch fire and how to minimize the risk of an accident, it helps to understand how the batteries function. How Lithium Batteries Work A lithium battery consists of two electrodes separated by an electrolyte. Typically, the batteries  transfer electrical charge from a lithium metal cathode  through an electrolyte consisting of an organic solvent containing lithium salts over to a carbon anode. The specifics depend on the battery, but lithium-ion batteries usually contain a metal coil and a flammable lithium-ion fluid. Tiny metal fragments float in the liquid. The contents of the battery are under pressure, so if a metal fragment punctures a partition that keeps the components separate or the battery is punctured, the lithium reacts with water in the air vigorously, generating high heat and sometimes producing a fire. Why Lithium Batteries Catch Fire or Explode Lithium batteries are made to deliver high output with minimal weight. Battery components are designed to be lightweight, which translates into thin partitions between cells and a thin outer covering. The partitions or coating are fairly fragile, so they can be punctured. If the battery is damaged, a short occurs. This spark can ignite the highly reactive lithium. Another possibility is that the battery can heat to the point of thermal runaway. Here, the heat of the contents exerts pressure on the battery, potentially producing an explosion. Minimize the Risk of Lithium Battery Fire The risk of fire or explosion increases if the battery is exposed to hot conditions or the battery or internal component is compromised. You can lessen the risk of an accident in several ways: Avoid storing at high temperatures. Dont keep batteries in hot vehicles. Dont allow a blanket to cover your laptop. Dont keep your cell phone in a warm pocket.  You get the idea.Avoid keeping all your items containing lithium-ion batteries together. When you travel, especially on a plane, youll have all your electronic items in one bag. This is unavoidable because the batteries have to be in your carry-on but usually, you can keep some space between battery-containing items. Although having lithium-ion batteries in close proximity does not increase the risk of a fire, if there is an accident, the other batteries can catch fire and make the situation worse.Avoid overcharging your batteries. These batteries do not suffer memory effect as badly as other types of rechargeable batteries, so they can be discharged and recharged many times nearly back to their original charge. However, they do not fare well if they are completely drained before recharging or are over-charged. Car chargers are notorious for overcharging batteries. Using any charger other than the one intended for the battery can increase the risk of damage.

Female Genital Mutilation When A Cultural Practice...

Gibeau, Anne M. 1998. Female Genital Mutilation: When a Cultural Practice Generates Clinical and Ethical Dilemmas. Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic Neonatal Nursing 27 (1): 85-91. Female genital mutilation may be currently reaching a changing point in its history. It is a cultural practice that is considered to have long standing importance but female genital mutilation presents to most developed nations a need for education and a need to clarify ethical dilemmas regarding it. In most cases, the push for female genital mutilation to be eradicated comes from within individual cultures and communities but internationally there is also support for eradication of this problem. The main dilemma is that most groups that actively practice female genital mutilation see it as a necessary or even obligatory ritual that defines them as a culture and gives their culture or religion autonomy. It is (at the time that this paper was written) illegal to perform female genital mutilation on a child in the United Sates but not on an adult woman, which includes anyone who is who is older than 18 years old. However, ultimately, female genital mutilation is unethical regardless of who it is performed upon, so the United States’ health care providers and the laws governing them need to step beyond their traditionally followed roles on this issue. In fact, health care providers ought to join the ongoing worldwide efforts to completely eradicate female genital mutilation. Health care providersShow MoreRelatedResearch Outline: Female Genital Mutilation2198 Words   |  9 Pagesfocus our research on is Female Genital Mutilation (FGM). We have found that more research needs to be conducted on FGM, and it should be done in a way that respects the rights of the individuals and the culture in which it is rooted and practiced. Throughout this paper we will discuss the practice of FGM, how we plan to research it, theoretical considerations, methodological considerations, ethical considerations, as well as our anticipated results. The use of the term mutilation, rather than possibleRead More Merging Social Work and Social Advocacy in Response to the Plight of Unaccompanied Child Refugees in the United States2304 Words   |  10 Pageschildren as a separate group of individuals seeking asylum in their own right, the societal response toward the plight of children has been muted. This does not fall in line with the trends seen in the rest of the world where, in the escalation of cultural and religious wars, children have become more involved - sometimes as soldiers and sometimes as targeted victims. Thus, many of the refugee children appearing in United States detention facilities in the past decade have been subjected to calculatedRead MoreChild Abuse And Neglect Of Children5936 Words   |  24 Pagesof children. Since 1979, with Sweden as the first country in the world to prohibit all corporal punishment of children, a total of 46 countries around the world have outlawed domestic corporal punishment of chil dren. Some professionals claim that cultural norms that sanction physical punishment are one of the causes of child abuse, and have undertaken campaigns to redefine such norms. Psychologist Alice Miller, noted for her books on child abuse, took the view that humiliations, spankings and beatingsRead MoreRole of Ministry of Health in Malaysia6759 Words   |  28 Pages and to strengthen the health information management system. Ministry of Health has some strategies. First, they want improve governance, and adoption of appropriate technology and service practices to empower individuals, families and communities towards attaining lifelong wellness. Second, they will develop skills and competencies to further reduce mortality and morbidity rates in furtherance of strengthening the quality of healthcare delivery. Third, they aim to establish effective business strategies

Pliosaurus Facts and Figures

Name: Pliosaurus (Greek for Pliocene lizard); pronounced PLY-oh-SORE-us Habitat: Shores of western Europe Historical Period: Late Jurassic (150-145 million years ago) Size and Weight: Up to 40 feet long and 25-30 tons Diet: Fish, squids, and marine reptiles Distinguishing Characteristics: Large size; thick, long-snouted head with a short neck; well-muscled flippers About Pliosaurus Like its close cousin Plesiosaurus, the marine reptile Pliosaurus is what paleontologists refer to as a wastebasket taxon: any plesiosaurs or pliosaurs that cant be conclusively identified tend to be assigned as species or specimens of one or the other of these two genera. For example, after the recent discovery of an impressively huge pliosaur skeleton in Norway (popularized in the media as Predator X), paleontologists tentatively categorized the find as a 50-ton specimen of Pliosaurus, even though further study may determine it to be a species of the giant and much better-known Liopleurodon. (Since the Predator X furor a few years ago, researchers have vastly scaled down the size of this putative Pliosaurus species; now its unlikely that it exceeded 25 or 30 tons.) Pliosaurus is currently known by eight separate species. P. brachyspondylus was named by the famous English naturalist Richard Owen in 1839 (though it was initially assigned as a species of Plesiosaurus); he got things right a couple of years later when he erected P. brachydeirus. P. carpenteri was diagnosed on the basis of a single fossil specimen discovered in England; P. funkei (the above-mentioned Predator X) from two specimens in Norway; P. kevani, P. macromerus and P. westburyensis, also from England; and the outlier of the group, P. rossicus, from Russia, where this species was described and named in 1848. As you might expect, given the fact that it has lent its name to an entire family of marine reptiles, Pliosaurus boasted the basic feature set of all pliosaurs: a large head with massive jaws, a short neck, and a fairly thick trunk (this is in stark contrast to plesiosaurs, which mostly possessed sleek bodies, elongated necks, and relatively small heads). Despite their massive builds, however, pliosaurs, in general,  were relatively speedy swimmers, with well-muscled flippers on both ends of their trunks, and they seem to have feasted indiscriminately on fish, squids, other marine reptiles, and (for that matter) pretty much anything that moved. As fearsome as they were to their fellow ocean dwellers during the Jurassic and early Cretaceous periods, the pliosaurs and plesiosaurs of the early to middle Mesozoic Era eventually gave way to mosasaurs, faster, nimbler and just plain more vicious marine reptiles that prospered during the late Cretaceous period, right to the cusp of the meteor impact that rendered dinosaurs, pterosaurs, and marine reptiles extinct. Pliosaurus and its ilk also came under increasing pressure from the ancestral sharks of the later Mesozoic Era, which may not have compared to these reptilian menaces in sheer bulk, but were faster, speedier, and possibly more intelligent as well.

Annotated Bibliography Of Research On Andy Warhol

Annotated Bibliography of Research about Andy Warhol Hereunder is a list of resources broken categorically into three sections: books, video footage and interviews. All of which I will be using in further development of my research paper on Andy Warhol (a.k.a. Andrew Warhola). Following each citation I have written a brief summary pertaining to that particular material and why I chose to use it for my research paper. Although he was not a painter and could not paint very well, according to his own understanding,  ¹ Andy Warhol  ² did in fact paint; and was unequivocally known for putting the â€Å"Pop† in Pop Art.  ³ I.xPrintedxBooks Colacello, Robert. Holy Terror: Andy Warhol Close Up. New York: Harper Collins,x1990. The author of this book, Colacello, worked side-by-side Andy Warhol in â€Å"The Factory† for most all of Andy’s commercial art days. This was because Robert â€Å"Bob† Colacello was the famed editor of Interview Magazine a Warhol publication which, over the years, depicted tons of Andy’s Pop art takes as the cover image. This text speaks of many of the excesses which occurred at night clubs such as Studio 54 in New York; a very famous hotspot for meeting up with celebrity guests and party-goers. From this book I learned how Andy would constantly strive to surround himself with superstars of the time, people like

Corporate Social Responsibility Is an Inescapable Priority...

Over the last decade, Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) has emerged as an inescapable priority for companies all over the world. Governments, activists, and the media have to a greater extend become adept at holding companies account for the social consequences of their business activities. As a result, companies are increasingly being ranked on their CSR performance. Sustainable clothing that is still luxurious. An unusual concept but this is what Peter Ingwersen, an established Danish designer, has set out to achieve with the launch of his dual luxury fashion brand Noir-Illuminati II. The launch of the socially aware brand has brought a ‘totally new concept’ to the fashion industry promoting Corporate Social Responsibility in an†¦show more content†¦Noir produces beautiful, cutting-edge clothes that are still ethical and socially responsible. ï  ¶ Mission: Noir-Illuminati II is a Danish company established in 2005 consisting of two different companies: Noir and Illuminati II. Noir is a fashion company, which designs and sells responsibly produced fashion luxury clothes to conscious consumers. Illuminati II is a cotton fabric brand, which develops and produces organic cotton fabrics to supply Noir and eventually other brands with responsibly produced cotton fabrics. Noir-Illuminati II joined the UN Global Compact in 2006 as an important step towards integrating universal principles on human rights, labor rights, environmental standards, and anti-corruption into its business model. Today, the company aims to ensure that the principles of the UN Global Compact are respected throughout the company’s value chain and requires all suppliers to abide to the principles of the Compact. It is a far-reaching process to introduce and guarantee compliance with international principles and standards in all the different parts of the value chain but Noir-Illuminati II committed to be a front-runner in the fashion industry. Hence, to Noir-Illuminati II this is a work in progress and the company focuses on ensuring gradual and continuous improvements. Peter Ingwersen’s founding vision behind Noir was to set up a luxury fashion apparel brand that in all links of the supply chain was based upon CorporateShow MoreRelatedCsr in the Hospitality Industry1293 Words   |  6 Pages September 29, 2009 Corporate Social Responsibility in the Hospitality Industry Introduction Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) has progressively become known as a germane issue in the corporate world for the past decade. Making the world a better place, socially and environmentally, is a global accepted phenomenon. According to Porter Kramer, 2006, â€Å"corporate social responsibility has emerged as an inescapable priority for business leaders in every countryRead MoreGupta, President And Ceo Of Coca Cola India1400 Words   |  6 Pagesissues that Gupta’s focus should be on in regards to short term are the allegations from Center for Science and Environment (CSE) that threatens to tarnish the image of the company’s brand, and the survey result of the its consumers. Crisis is inescapable. When it does occur, for the most part, ones’ wish is for it to go away as fast as possible. While it is an uncomfortable dilemma; nonetheless one ought to have a plan in place to reconcile the issue. In this case study Gupta, president and CEORead MoreCo nflicts in IT Industry due to ethical issues There is a thin line between right and wrong in the1200 Words   |  5 Pagesstandards are clearly defined and are in practice. These terms are directed by business and ethical attributes fixed by the organisation; these are incorporated by organisation’s code of ethics which administer its employees. The conflicts in IT are inescapable as there are many employees from different backgrounds working on a project or in a team, these conflicts may arise due to different attitudes, assumptions, demands, commitments etc. Personal privacy in IT: Privacy can be defined as an individualRead MoreImpact of Driving Forces of Globalization2153 Words   |  9 PagesCollege of Education Research, Kandivali (East), Mumbai. Title of the Paper : Impact of driving forces of Globalization – Role of Education Globalization has come to be a principal characteristic feature of the new millennium and it has become an inescapable reality in todays society. No community and society can remain isolated from the forces of globalization. The cyber society has come with a bang. The computer culture is spreading rapidly. Even in a poor country, coca-cola, cars, cosmetics andRead MoreAnglogold Ashanti: Analysis of Csr Strategy6695 Words   |  27 PagesAngloGold Ashanti An Analysis of CSR Strategy Performance Essay 1 By: S. BLIDI ELLIOTT Index No.: EMBA 10110042 Course: Ethics, Social Responsibility and Governance Course No.: EMBA 663 Lecturer: Dr. Judy N. Muthuri Date: September 28, 2012 Word Count: 5,709 This essay is the first of a two-part series critically examining the corporate social responsibility (CSR) strategy and performance of AngloGold Ashanti (AGA). This first essay analyses the company’s CSR strategy and activities againstRead MoreStrategy and Society9783 Words   |  40 PagesStrategy Society The Link Between Competitive Advantage and Corporate Social Responsibility The Idea in Brief Many firms’ corporate social responsibility (CSR) efforts are counterproductive, for two reasons: They pit business against society, when the two are actually interdependent. And they pressure companies to think of CSR in generic ways, instead of crafting social initiatives appropriate to their individual strategies. CSR can be much more than just a cost, constraint, or charitableRead MoreMetamorphosis of Tata Steel -the Challenges of Change Management4836 Words   |  20 PagesGetty INTRODUCTION 1. Tata Steel is the largest steel company of the country and at present stands as the 10th largest steel firm in the world. The company with its headquarters in Jamshedpur operates in 20 countries with a presence in about 50 countries across the world. The past few years has seen Tata Steel growing from strength to strength through the path of Mamp;A, wherein, they have acquired Anglo-Dutch Steel company Corus(renamed Tata Steel Europe), Millennium Steel (renamed TataRead MoreCompeting for the Future9005 Words   |  37 PagesHarvard Business School Publishing. The statements below are key points of the book as determined by James Altfeld and have been made available at no charge to the user. Competing for the Future By Gary Hamel and C.K. Prahalad Look around your company. Look at the high profile initiatives that have been launched recently. Look at the issues that are preoccupying senior management. Look at the criteria and benchmarks by which progress is being measured. Look at the track record of new business creationRead MoreOrganizational Theory and Behavior6990 Words   |  28 Pagesindividually, Taylor was able to find the right combinations of factors that yielded large increases in production. While Taylor s scientific management theory proved successful in the simple industrialized companies at the turn of the century, it has not faired well in modern companies. The philosophy of production first, people second has left a legacy of declining production and quality, dissatisfaction with work, loss of pride in workmanship, and a near complete loss of organizational prideRead MoreArticle Review: Why Do Managers Do What They Do?11195 Words   |  45 Pagesexplanation of the consistently documented common characteristics of managerial work and attempts to sketch out such an explanation. It is argued that researchers In the field have either contented themselves with description and correlation or have given priority to explaining variations, whilst theories of management have tended to suggest that managerial behaviour can be inferred, unproblematically, from the character of the broader management process rather than engaging with the evidence on these behaviours

Ernest Hemingway Influence on Society free essay sample

â€Å"Better to be a strong man with a weak point, than to be a weak man without a strong point† (William J. H. Boetcker). This quotation illustrates that a person with a great amount of talent and has a unfavorable flaw is more desirable than a person with no strong point at all. This quotation applies to many exceptional and influential American writers, such as J.D. Salinger, Tennessee Williams, Edgar Allen Poe and F. Scott Fitzgerald. Among these American authors who had undesirable and unfavorable flaws was Ernest Hemingway. Hemingway was by far one of the most influential writers in his time. Hemingway has had an enormous influence on many American writers’ witting styles. He also introduced a new writing style to the world of American literature and made all of his works relatable to the average person. â€Å"Hemingway influenced a generation of American writers and perhaps two generations of American men†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Eric Foner and John A. We will write a custom essay sample on Ernest Hemingway: Influence on Society or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Garraty). Hemingway’s style was seen as revolutionary and loved by many other artists. Terry Tempest Williams stated, â€Å"Hemingway has been a powerful mentor, in terms of what it means to create a landscape impressionistically on the page† (The Influence of Ernest Hemingway Criticism). Hemingway had such an impact on authors that even the people that didn’t like his work thought that he was a very important element in American literature. Annie Proulx, who admitted she was not a fan of Hemingway’s literary work, also admits Hemingway’s work is â€Å"important† (The Influence of Ernest Hemingway Criticism). â€Å"Hemingway has had an enormous influence on American writers, mainly because of his unique writing style. He used simple nouns and verb and still able to capture the scene precisely.†(Ernest Hemingway). It was this unique and minimalist writing style that authors admired and adapted to. Many authors after him and during his time looked at him like a mentor, in terms of their writing career. James Nagel said â€Å"Hemingway is one of the finest stylists in English† and â€Å"gave rise to the minimalist movement in American fiction†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Ernest Hemingway – Biography). Harold Bloom pronounced Hemingway a â€Å"minor novelist with a major style.† Hemingway’s style was by far one of the biggest reasons that Hemingway was so important to American literature. One of the road blocks many artists have trouble dealing with is effectively relating to their audiences. Hemingway had no problem with this road block, he was very effective in relating to his readers and creating characters that seemed so real and authentic. â€Å"Hemingway made the  reading of the story as close to the actual experience as possible. Authenticity in writing was important to him and he felt that one’s treatment of a subject in writing was more honest if the person had actually experienced it or observed the subject closely.† (Ernest Hemingway) Hemingway himself stated in an interview â€Å"†¦some come from real life. Mostly you invent people from a knowledge and understanding and experience of people.† When asked â€Å"Are the characters of your work taken without exception from real life?† Even though Ernest Hemingway had many flaws and troubles that lead to his downfall as an author its clear to see that he has made a very prominent impact in the literary and social world. Through to creation of a unique style of writing which so many people liked including the people who were not fans of his work. Hemingway also impacted by serving as a â€Å"mentor† to many young artist and even artist of his time, in terms of their literary career. By far the most important way he impacted America socially by how effectively he was able to relate to his readers, by providing them with extraordinary stories and in the end just entertaining and captivating the people; which is all that really matters.

Gallipoli Essay Research Paper The film free essay sample

Gallipoli Essay, Research Paper The movie Gallipoli # 8217 ; accurately describes the conditions of the conflict of Gallipoli during World War I. First, it does a great occupation of capturing the ambiance refering the enlisting of the immature work forces who served in the war. They where encouraged to fall in and fiddling your responsibility # 8217 ; was frowned upon. Second, the life conditions of the trenches where surprisingly lifelike in their visual aspect. The trenches where likely the individual most remembered aspect of the Great War. Third, The British officer # 8217 ; s contemn towards the foot was besides replicated right. The whole British officer # 8217 ; s outlook was that foot was expendable and that the Australians were mere cannon fresh fish # 8217 ; . The film touched on each of these points every bit good as gave us a existent image of how much this war was a slaughter of work forces. Public sentiment in the universe at the beginning of the war was cheerful and immature work forces were looked upon to contend for many of the take parting states. We will write a custom essay sample on Gallipoli Essay Research Paper The film or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In the film, Arch and were encouraged to fall in the battle. Traveling to war was looked upon as honest. They went without any thought of what it truly was like or what could go on to them one time they got at that place. In the film, it appeared that the preparation wasn # 8217 ; t taken earnestly and it is dubious it would hold helped them had they been serious about it. At one point the work forces all fell down feigning to be wounded to acquire out of work. War was all about glorification and award. These immature work forces were filled with visions of seeing the universe and contending the good battle. The whole state of affairs analogues directing lambs to the abattoir. The trenches is where the existent feeling of World War I can be attained. They truly give you an thought of how unsafe it truly is: stay hidden or be killed. Contending on the Gallipoli forepart was really near in many topographic points. The soldiers were near adequate to see each other, if they dared to look above the trenches. Both sides could be compared to formicaries. They dug ditches to maintain themselves safe from each other. However, the life conditions weren # 8217 ; t really hospitable. Man was non meant to populate like an insect. They besides do an first-class occupation of uncovering how random decease can come. The changeless barrage twenty-four hours and dark get downing from the clip they land truly opens your oculus to what it was like to be at that place. Harmonizing to Fussel p.47 the chief occupation of an marcher was to exert self- control while being shelled. A adult male can be right there one minute and in pieces the following. The trenches were the lone m anner they could protect themselves from this changeless menace. The permanent feeling this film makes upon you stems from the meaningless slaughter caused by the British neglect for colonial soldiers. The British officer orders the Australians to assail even after he knows that they will be cut down. He has a entire neglect for their lives. The Australians are ordered to assail and they must for all must obey a direct order particularly in wartime. Punishment for noncompliance is decease. Another incentive is that a true soldier neer disobeys a direct order. He is required to set his life on line to follow orders. In the film it is a atrocious state of affairs. The barrage has stopped and because of the clip difference of their tickers, the enemy is prepared to cover with their onset char Ge. To be forced to make something that will be the terminal of your life and hold it be for nil. It truly shows how stupid much of World War I was, how nonmeaningful and dearly-won most of the conflicts were. Thousands of lives would be lost and non a individual pes gained. And how stupid the commanding officers were for being unable to see that any kind of charge against an entrenched place, fortified with machine guns, truly was. This truly demonstrates how small the officers valued the foot. I feel this stems from the British officer coming from upper category and the foot soldier coming from the center and lower category. The upper categories seem to keep the colonials as about sub-humans. They are really careless with their lives. The whole scheme of how they fought the war was badly flawed. They were excessively stuck on award and tradition. The bayonet is non a modern warfare arm and has no topographic point in a modern war. To seek to fit it against a machine gun is farcical . The work forces knew they were perpetrating self-destruction. Before the last charge, they removed anything of value they had as they no longer had usage of it and wanted it to be left behind. They valued those objects more than the British officer valued their lives. I agree with the barbarous image the movie gives of World War I. The movie gives you a good sense of how a immature adult male went to war in World War I. How he goes from his mundane life to life in a ditch acquiring ready to bear down a machine gun armed with merely a bayonet. That was precisely what happened on both sides all over the war. When they were enlisting and developing they had no thought of the world that lay before them. The movie merely shows two work forces narratives but, they represent the 1000000s that were involved in the war. It besides shows how machines and war are a deathly combination. The heavy weapon and the machine guns made the war an highly bloody matter. The artlessness of the young persons contending the war was portrayed in a really affecting manner. This was achieved through the surprise stoping of the decease of one of the chief characters. Arch was a theoretical account immature adult male, an jock at his physical prime and all strength and velocity he possessed didn # 8217 ; t assist him against the machine g uns. In decision, the movie Gallipoli # 8217 ; does an first-class occupation of portraying the ferociousness of World War I and the waste of human lives which occurred during it. You get an first-class sense of what it must hold been like to be at that place and set in that state of affairs of how the guiltless kids of the universe were made to populate in holes and forced to bear down machine guns armed with bayonets. To see their friends die and know that they really probably could be the following to decease. A difference between the line officer and the staff officer was besides shown. The British officer showed no reluctance to order the work forces to certain self-destruction where the line officer was unwilling to order his work forces to make something that he, himself wouldn # 8217 ; T besides do. If he was to order them to decease, so he would decease with them. It besides gives you an insight how small the bulk of British officers cared for the common soldier, peculiarly the Australians. Plants Cited Weir, Peter. # 8220 ; Gallipoli # 8221 ; , Mel Gibson, Mark Lee, Robert Grubb, Bill Kerr. , 1981 Paul, Fussel. # 8220 ; The Great War # 8221 ; Ed. English Augustan Poetry. Oxford English Press. , 1975